For decades, every space mission operated under the same constraint: bring everything from Earth. Every spacecraft was used once and discarded. Every kilogram of fuel, every piece of equipment, every life-support system — manufactured on the ground, launched at extraordinary cost, and never reused. It was the ultimate dig-and-ship model. And it made sustained deep space exploration economically impossible.

Then Jason Crusan's team at NASA discovered over 600 million metric tonnes of water ice in a single polar region on the Moon — a finding that fundamentally changed the economics and architecture of space exploration. But the real breakthrough wasn't just what they found. It was the strategic rethink it triggered.

As Director of NASA's Advanced Exploration Systems Division, Crusan became the architect of the agency's current return-to-Moon strategy — a paradigm shift toward In-Situ Resource Utilisation. Instead of launching everything from Earth, the new architecture centres on infrastructure that stays in the field, gets serviced and refuelled on location, and breaks the logistics chain entirely. The Moon is no longer just a destination. It's being positioned as a production and logistics hub to enable Mars.

"When we deploy renewables at mine sites, we're not just decarbonising — we're breaking the logistics chain."

The parallel to mining is striking. When the industry talks about deploying renewable energy at remote sites, it typically frames it as decarbonisation. But what it's really solving is a logistics problem — eliminating the millions of litres of diesel shipped to locations far from anywhere. Breaking that supply chain doesn't just reduce emissions. It makes operations more resilient and fundamentally lower cost. It's the same insight NASA arrived at 384,000 kilometres from Earth.

At GRX26, Crusan will draw directly from his original NASA strategy work to challenge how the resources sector thinks about remote operations. How do we move beyond dig-and-ship toward processing and production as close to the orebody as possible? How do space mining R&D investments create technology pathways that Australian METS companies can leverage? And how is the emerging space resources market creating new commercial opportunities for an industry already expert in operating in extreme, remote environments?

The timing is significant. Artemis 2 is preparing to launch, Blue Origin and SpaceX are in heated competition over exactly these lunar architectures, and AROSE — the Australian organisation Crusan now leads — is connecting Australia's deep operational expertise in mining and energy with the challenges of exploration beyond our planet. This isn't future speculation. It's unfolding in real time. And the audience in Perth will hear it from the person who designed the strategy in the first place.